فترة الحمل هي رحلة نمو الجنين وتطوره. خلال هذه الرحلة أكثر ما يشغل بال الأم الحامل هو التأكد من سلامة الجنين والإطمئنان على الحمل بصورة عامة وعلى سلامة الأم والجنين بشكلٍ خاص. تخضع الأم الحامل لعدة فحوصات وتحاليل خلال فترة الحمل. أحد هذه الفحوصات هو فحص الأشعة فوق الصوتية في الفترة بين الأسبوع الحادي عشر والرابع عشر من الحمل.
ما هو فحص التأكد من سلامة الجنين في الأسبوع 11 و 14 ؟
هو فحص روتيني يُنصح به لجميع النساء الحوامل. وهو يساعد على التأكد من سلامة الحمل، بالإضافة إلى التأكد من سلامة الجنين. كما أنه يعمل على:
-تحديد تاريخ الحمل بدقة وإعطاء موعد تقديري للولادة.
-كما أنه يحدد حالات الحمل المتعددة
-ويكشف عن بعض حالات الشذوذ الهيكلية في الطفل.
-يوفر هذا الفحص الذي يتم بين الأسبوع 11 والأسبوع 14 من الحمل، فرصة للكشف عن مشاكل الكروموسومات (مثل متلازمة داون) عن طريق قياس شفافية السائل الموجود وراء رقبة الطفل الجنين. يتم جمع هذه القياسات مع نتائج اختبار الدم لإعطاء تقييم المخاطر لمتلازمة داون.
وعادة لا يتطلب هذا الفحص أن تكون مثانة الأم ممتلئة للتصوير، ومع التقدم في تكنولوجيا الموجات فوق الصوتية، أصبح من الممكن توفير تقييم جسدي ناجح للجنين في الثلث الأول من الحمل.
خلال هذا الفحص، يتم تشخيص العديد من حالات الشذوذ الهيكلية. يعتمد مدى التقييم بشكل كبير على جودة الصور التي تم الحصول عليها خلال الفحص. وهذا بدوره يعتمد على وضعية الجنين وسهولة اختراق الموجات فوق الصوتية لأنسجة الأم.
مع وجود اختبارات ما قبل الولادة غير المعقدة لفحص متلازمة داون، يجري حاليا إعادة تقييم دور هذا الفحص. ومع ذلك، نوصي النساء الحوامل بشدة بإجراء هذا المسح بغض النظر عن اختيارهم اجراء فحص آخر لمتلازمة داون. لأن هذا الفحص يمكنه الكشف عن مشكلات أخرى، والتي إن وجدت، يمكن أن تؤثر بشكل كبير على الإجراءات الطبية خلال الحمل.
إن هذا المسح على وجه الخصوص مهم لحالات الحمل المتعددة لأنها تسمح بتحديد إذا ما كانت الأجنة تتشارك نفس المشيمة في هذه المرحلة من الحمل. مع تقدم الحمل، تتراجع إمكانية تحديد عدد المشيمات بسبب التغيرات في مظهر المشيمة. ويحدد عدد المشيمات فرص المضاعفات التي قد تصيب الأم الحامل، ويتيح الفرصة لتجنبها والوقاية منها في وقتٍ مبكّر.
اقرئي أيضاً ما هي الفحوصات اللازمة للحامل للإطمئنان على صحة الأم والجنين؟
تصفحي أيضاً كل ما تحتاجين معرفته عن فحص الجنين في الأسبوع 18-22 من الحمل
الدكتور شانتي سايرام
استشاري طب أمراض النساء والمدرب في المملكة المتحدة، المتخصصة في طب الأجنة وأمراض القلب الجنينية
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